#![no_std]
extern crate alloc;

use alloc::{borrow::Cow, boxed::Box, string::String, sync::Arc};
use core::{
    borrow::Borrow,
    cmp::{self, Ordering},
    convert::Infallible,
    fmt, hash, iter,
    mem::transmute,
    ops::Deref,
    str::FromStr,
};

/// A `SmolStr` is a string type that has the following properties:
///
/// * `size_of::<SmolStr>() == 24` (therefor `== size_of::<String>()` on 64 bit platforms)
/// * `Clone` is `O(1)`
/// * Strings are stack-allocated if they are:
///     * Up to 23 bytes long
///     * Longer than 23 bytes, but substrings of `WS` (see below). Such strings consist
///     solely of consecutive newlines, followed by consecutive spaces
/// * If a string does not satisfy the aforementioned conditions, it is heap-allocated
/// * Additionally, a `SmolStr` can be explicitely created from a `&'static str` without allocation
///
/// Unlike `String`, however, `SmolStr` is immutable. The primary use case for
/// `SmolStr` is a good enough default storage for tokens of typical programming
/// languages. Strings consisting of a series of newlines, followed by a series of
/// whitespace are a typical pattern in computer programs because of indentation.
/// Note that a specialized interner might be a better solution for some use cases.
///
/// `WS`: A string of 32 newlines followed by 128 spaces.
#[derive(Clone)]
pub struct SmolStr(Repr);

impl SmolStr {
    #[deprecated = "Use `new_inline` instead"]
    pub const fn new_inline_from_ascii(len: usize, bytes: &[u8]) -> SmolStr {
        assert!(len <= INLINE_CAP);

        const ZEROS: &[u8] = &[0; INLINE_CAP];

        let mut buf = [0; INLINE_CAP];
        macro_rules! s {
            ($($idx:literal),*) => ( $(s!(set $idx);)* );
            (set $idx:literal) => ({
                let src: &[u8] = [ZEROS, bytes][($idx < len) as usize];
                let byte = src[$idx];
                let _is_ascii = [(); 128][byte as usize];
                buf[$idx] = byte
            });
        }
        s!(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22);
        SmolStr(Repr::Inline {
            len: unsafe { transmute(len as u8) },
            buf,
        })
    }

    /// Constructs inline variant of `SmolStr`.
    ///
    /// Panics if `text.len() > 23`.
    #[inline]
    pub const fn new_inline(text: &str) -> SmolStr {
        assert!(text.len() <= INLINE_CAP); // avoids checks in loop

        let mut buf = [0; INLINE_CAP];
        let mut i = 0;
        while i < text.len() {
            buf[i] = text.as_bytes()[i];
            i += 1
        }
        SmolStr(Repr::Inline {
            len: unsafe { transmute(text.len() as u8) },
            buf,
        })
    }

    /// Constructs a `SmolStr` from a statically allocated string.
    ///
    /// This never allocates.
    #[inline(always)]
    pub const fn new_static(text: &'static str) -> SmolStr {
        // NOTE: this never uses the inline storage; if a canonical
        // representation is needed, we could check for `len() < INLINE_CAP`
        // and call `new_inline`, but this would mean an extra branch.
        SmolStr(Repr::Static(text))
    }

    pub fn new<T>(text: T) -> SmolStr
    where
        T: AsRef<str>,
    {
        SmolStr(Repr::new(text))
    }

    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn as_str(&self) -> &str {
        self.0.as_str()
    }

    #[allow(clippy::inherent_to_string_shadow_display)]
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn to_string(&self) -> String {
        use alloc::borrow::ToOwned;

        self.as_str().to_owned()
    }

    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
        self.0.len()
    }

    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
        self.0.is_empty()
    }

    #[inline(always)]
    pub const fn is_heap_allocated(&self) -> bool {
        matches!(self.0, Repr::Heap(..))
    }

    fn from_char_iter<I: iter::Iterator<Item = char>>(mut iter: I) -> SmolStr {
        let (min_size, _) = iter.size_hint();
        if min_size > INLINE_CAP {
            let heap: String = iter.collect();
            return SmolStr(Repr::Heap(heap.into_boxed_str().into()));
        }
        let mut len = 0;
        let mut buf = [0u8; INLINE_CAP];
        while let Some(ch) = iter.next() {
            let size = ch.len_utf8();
            if size + len > INLINE_CAP {
                let (min_remaining, _) = iter.size_hint();
                let mut heap = String::with_capacity(size + len + min_remaining);
                heap.push_str(core::str::from_utf8(&buf[..len]).unwrap());
                heap.push(ch);
                heap.extend(iter);
                return SmolStr(Repr::Heap(heap.into_boxed_str().into()));
            }
            ch.encode_utf8(&mut buf[len..]);
            len += size;
        }
        SmolStr(Repr::Inline {
            len: unsafe { transmute(len as u8) },
            buf,
        })
    }
}

impl Default for SmolStr {
    #[inline(always)]
    fn default() -> SmolStr {
        SmolStr(Repr::Inline {
            len: InlineSize::_V0,
            buf: [0; INLINE_CAP],
        })
    }
}

impl Deref for SmolStr {
    type Target = str;

    #[inline(always)]
    fn deref(&self) -> &str {
        self.as_str()
    }
}

impl PartialEq<SmolStr> for SmolStr {
    fn eq(&self, other: &SmolStr) -> bool {
        self.as_str() == other.as_str()
    }
}

impl Eq for SmolStr {}

impl PartialEq<str> for SmolStr {
    fn eq(&self, other: &str) -> bool {
        self.as_str() == other
    }
}

impl PartialEq<SmolStr> for str {
    fn eq(&self, other: &SmolStr) -> bool {
        other == self
    }
}

impl<'a> PartialEq<&'a str> for SmolStr {
    fn eq(&self, other: &&'a str) -> bool {
        self == *other
    }
}

impl<'a> PartialEq<SmolStr> for &'a str {
    fn eq(&self, other: &SmolStr) -> bool {
        *self == other
    }
}

impl PartialEq<String> for SmolStr {
    fn eq(&self, other: &String) -> bool {
        self.as_str() == other
    }
}

impl PartialEq<SmolStr> for String {
    fn eq(&self, other: &SmolStr) -> bool {
        other == self
    }
}

impl<'a> PartialEq<&'a String> for SmolStr {
    fn eq(&self, other: &&'a String) -> bool {
        self == *other
    }
}

impl<'a> PartialEq<SmolStr> for &'a String {
    fn eq(&self, other: &SmolStr) -> bool {
        *self == other
    }
}

impl Ord for SmolStr {
    fn cmp(&self, other: &SmolStr) -> Ordering {
        self.as_str().cmp(other.as_str())
    }
}

impl PartialOrd for SmolStr {
    fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &SmolStr) -> Option<Ordering> {
        Some(self.cmp(other))
    }
}

impl hash::Hash for SmolStr {
    fn hash<H: hash::Hasher>(&self, hasher: &mut H) {
        self.as_str().hash(hasher);
    }
}

impl fmt::Debug for SmolStr {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
        fmt::Debug::fmt(self.as_str(), f)
    }
}

impl fmt::Display for SmolStr {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
        fmt::Display::fmt(self.as_str(), f)
    }
}

impl iter::FromIterator<char> for SmolStr {
    fn from_iter<I: iter::IntoIterator<Item = char>>(iter: I) -> SmolStr {
        let iter = iter.into_iter();
        Self::from_char_iter(iter)
    }
}

fn build_from_str_iter<T>(mut iter: impl Iterator<Item = T>) -> SmolStr
where
    T: AsRef<str>,
    String: iter::Extend<T>,
{
    let mut len = 0;
    let mut buf = [0u8; INLINE_CAP];
    while let Some(slice) = iter.next() {
        let slice = slice.as_ref();
        let size = slice.len();
        if size + len > INLINE_CAP {
            let mut heap = String::with_capacity(size + len);
            heap.push_str(core::str::from_utf8(&buf[..len]).unwrap());
            heap.push_str(slice);
            heap.extend(iter);
            return SmolStr(Repr::Heap(heap.into_boxed_str().into()));
        }
        buf[len..][..size].copy_from_slice(slice.as_bytes());
        len += size;
    }
    SmolStr(Repr::Inline {
        len: unsafe { transmute(len as u8) },
        buf,
    })
}

impl iter::FromIterator<String> for SmolStr {
    fn from_iter<I: iter::IntoIterator<Item = String>>(iter: I) -> SmolStr {
        build_from_str_iter(iter.into_iter())
    }
}

impl<'a> iter::FromIterator<&'a String> for SmolStr {
    fn from_iter<I: iter::IntoIterator<Item = &'a String>>(iter: I) -> SmolStr {
        SmolStr::from_iter(iter.into_iter().map(|x| x.as_str()))
    }
}

impl<'a> iter::FromIterator<&'a str> for SmolStr {
    fn from_iter<I: iter::IntoIterator<Item = &'a str>>(iter: I) -> SmolStr {
        build_from_str_iter(iter.into_iter())
    }
}

impl AsRef<str> for SmolStr {
    #[inline(always)]
    fn as_ref(&self) -> &str {
        self.as_str()
    }
}

impl From<&str> for SmolStr {
    #[inline]
    fn from(s: &str) -> SmolStr {
        SmolStr::new(s)
    }
}

impl From<&mut str> for SmolStr {
    #[inline]
    fn from(s: &mut str) -> SmolStr {
        SmolStr::new(s)
    }
}

impl From<&String> for SmolStr {
    #[inline]
    fn from(s: &String) -> SmolStr {
        SmolStr::new(s)
    }
}

impl From<String> for SmolStr {
    #[inline(always)]
    fn from(text: String) -> Self {
        Self::new(text)
    }
}

impl From<Box<str>> for SmolStr {
    #[inline]
    fn from(s: Box<str>) -> SmolStr {
        SmolStr::new(s)
    }
}

impl From<Arc<str>> for SmolStr {
    #[inline]
    fn from(s: Arc<str>) -> SmolStr {
        let repr = Repr::new_on_stack(s.as_ref()).unwrap_or_else(|| Repr::Heap(s));
        Self(repr)
    }
}

impl<'a> From<Cow<'a, str>> for SmolStr {
    #[inline]
    fn from(s: Cow<'a, str>) -> SmolStr {
        SmolStr::new(s)
    }
}

impl From<SmolStr> for Arc<str> {
    #[inline(always)]
    fn from(text: SmolStr) -> Self {
        match text.0 {
            Repr::Heap(data) => data,
            _ => text.as_str().into(),
        }
    }
}

impl From<SmolStr> for String {
    #[inline(always)]
    fn from(text: SmolStr) -> Self {
        text.as_str().into()
    }
}

impl Borrow<str> for SmolStr {
    #[inline(always)]
    fn borrow(&self) -> &str {
        self.as_str()
    }
}

impl FromStr for SmolStr {
    type Err = Infallible;

    #[inline]
    fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result<SmolStr, Self::Err> {
        Ok(SmolStr::from(s))
    }
}

#[cfg(feature = "arbitrary")]
impl<'a> arbitrary::Arbitrary<'a> for SmolStr {
    fn arbitrary(u: &mut arbitrary::Unstructured<'a>) -> Result<Self, arbitrary::Error> {
        let s = <&str>::arbitrary(u)?;
        Ok(SmolStr::new(s))
    }
}

const INLINE_CAP: usize = 23;
const N_NEWLINES: usize = 32;
const N_SPACES: usize = 128;
const WS: &str =
    "\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n                                                                                                                                ";
const _: () = {
    assert!(WS.len() == N_NEWLINES + N_SPACES);
    assert!(WS.as_bytes()[N_NEWLINES - 1] == b'\n');
    assert!(WS.as_bytes()[N_NEWLINES] == b' ');
};

#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
#[repr(u8)]
enum InlineSize {
    _V0 = 0,
    _V1,
    _V2,
    _V3,
    _V4,
    _V5,
    _V6,
    _V7,
    _V8,
    _V9,
    _V10,
    _V11,
    _V12,
    _V13,
    _V14,
    _V15,
    _V16,
    _V17,
    _V18,
    _V19,
    _V20,
    _V21,
    _V22,
    _V23,
}

#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
enum Repr {
    Heap(Arc<str>),
    Static(&'static str),
    Inline {
        len: InlineSize,
        buf: [u8; INLINE_CAP],
    },
}

impl Repr {
    /// This function tries to create a new Repr::Inline or Repr::Static
    /// If it isn't possible, this function returns None
    fn new_on_stack<T>(text: T) -> Option<Self>
    where
        T: AsRef<str>,
    {
        let text = text.as_ref();

        let len = text.len();
        if len <= INLINE_CAP {
            let mut buf = [0; INLINE_CAP];
            buf[..len].copy_from_slice(text.as_bytes());
            return Some(Repr::Inline {
                len: unsafe { transmute(len as u8) },
                buf,
            });
        }

        if len <= N_NEWLINES + N_SPACES {
            let bytes = text.as_bytes();
            let possible_newline_count = cmp::min(len, N_NEWLINES);
            let newlines = bytes[..possible_newline_count]
                .iter()
                .take_while(|&&b| b == b'\n')
                .count();
            let possible_space_count = len - newlines;
            if possible_space_count <= N_SPACES && bytes[newlines..].iter().all(|&b| b == b' ') {
                let spaces = possible_space_count;
                let substring = &WS[N_NEWLINES - newlines..N_NEWLINES + spaces];
                return Some(Repr::Static(substring));
            }
        }
        None
    }

    fn new<T>(text: T) -> Self
    where
        T: AsRef<str>,
    {
        Self::new_on_stack(text.as_ref()).unwrap_or_else(|| Repr::Heap(text.as_ref().into()))
    }

    #[inline(always)]
    fn len(&self) -> usize {
        match self {
            Repr::Heap(data) => data.len(),
            Repr::Static(data) => data.len(),
            Repr::Inline { len, .. } => *len as usize,
        }
    }

    #[inline(always)]
    fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
        match self {
            Repr::Heap(data) => data.is_empty(),
            Repr::Static(data) => data.is_empty(),
            Repr::Inline { len, .. } => *len as u8 == 0,
        }
    }

    #[inline]
    fn as_str(&self) -> &str {
        match self {
            Repr::Heap(data) => data,
            Repr::Static(data) => data,
            Repr::Inline { len, buf } => {
                let len = *len as usize;
                let buf = &buf[..len];
                unsafe { ::core::str::from_utf8_unchecked(buf) }
            }
        }
    }
}

/// Convert value to [`SmolStr`] using [`fmt::Display`], potentially without allocating.
///
/// Almost identical to [`ToString`], but converts to `SmolStr` instead.
pub trait ToSmolStr {
    fn to_smolstr(&self) -> SmolStr;
}

/// Formats arguments to a [`SmolStr`], potentially without allocating.
///
/// See [`alloc::format!`] or [`format_args!`] for syntax documentation.
#[macro_export]
macro_rules! format_smolstr {
    ($($tt:tt)*) => {{
        use ::core::fmt::Write;
        let mut w = $crate::Writer::new();
        w.write_fmt(format_args!($($tt)*)).expect("a formatting trait implementation returned an error");
        $crate::SmolStr::from(w)
    }};
}

#[doc(hidden)]
pub struct Writer {
    inline: [u8; INLINE_CAP],
    heap: String,
    len: usize,
}

impl Writer {
    #[must_use]
    pub const fn new() -> Self {
        Writer {
            inline: [0; INLINE_CAP],
            heap: String::new(),
            len: 0,
        }
    }
}

impl fmt::Write for Writer {
    fn write_str(&mut self, s: &str) -> fmt::Result {
        // if currently on the stack
        if self.len <= INLINE_CAP {
            let old_len = self.len;
            self.len += s.len();

            // if the new length will fit on the stack (even if it fills it entirely)
            if self.len <= INLINE_CAP {
                self.inline[old_len..self.len].copy_from_slice(s.as_bytes());

                return Ok(()); // skip the heap push below
            }

            self.heap.reserve(self.len);

            // copy existing inline bytes over to the heap
            unsafe {
                self.heap
                    .as_mut_vec()
                    .extend_from_slice(&self.inline[..old_len]);
            }
        }

        self.heap.push_str(s);

        Ok(())
    }
}

impl From<Writer> for SmolStr {
    fn from(value: Writer) -> Self {
        SmolStr(if value.len <= INLINE_CAP {
            Repr::Inline {
                len: unsafe { transmute(value.len as u8) },
                buf: value.inline,
            }
        } else {
            Repr::new(value.heap)
        })
    }
}

impl<T> ToSmolStr for T
where
    T: fmt::Display + ?Sized,
{
    fn to_smolstr(&self) -> SmolStr {
        format_smolstr!("{}", self)
    }
}

#[cfg(feature = "serde")]
mod serde {
    use alloc::{string::String, vec::Vec};
    use core::fmt;

    use serde::de::{Deserializer, Error, Unexpected, Visitor};

    use crate::SmolStr;

    // https://github.com/serde-rs/serde/blob/629802f2abfd1a54a6072992888fea7ca5bc209f/serde/src/private/de.rs#L56-L125
    fn smol_str<'de: 'a, 'a, D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<SmolStr, D::Error>
    where
        D: Deserializer<'de>,
    {
        struct SmolStrVisitor;

        impl<'a> Visitor<'a> for SmolStrVisitor {
            type Value = SmolStr;

            fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
                formatter.write_str("a string")
            }

            fn visit_str<E>(self, v: &str) -> Result<Self::Value, E>
            where
                E: Error,
            {
                Ok(SmolStr::from(v))
            }

            fn visit_borrowed_str<E>(self, v: &'a str) -> Result<Self::Value, E>
            where
                E: Error,
            {
                Ok(SmolStr::from(v))
            }

            fn visit_string<E>(self, v: String) -> Result<Self::Value, E>
            where
                E: Error,
            {
                Ok(SmolStr::from(v))
            }

            fn visit_bytes<E>(self, v: &[u8]) -> Result<Self::Value, E>
            where
                E: Error,
            {
                match core::str::from_utf8(v) {
                    Ok(s) => Ok(SmolStr::from(s)),
                    Err(_) => Err(Error::invalid_value(Unexpected::Bytes(v), &self)),
                }
            }

            fn visit_borrowed_bytes<E>(self, v: &'a [u8]) -> Result<Self::Value, E>
            where
                E: Error,
            {
                match core::str::from_utf8(v) {
                    Ok(s) => Ok(SmolStr::from(s)),
                    Err(_) => Err(Error::invalid_value(Unexpected::Bytes(v), &self)),
                }
            }

            fn visit_byte_buf<E>(self, v: Vec<u8>) -> Result<Self::Value, E>
            where
                E: Error,
            {
                match String::from_utf8(v) {
                    Ok(s) => Ok(SmolStr::from(s)),
                    Err(e) => Err(Error::invalid_value(
                        Unexpected::Bytes(&e.into_bytes()),
                        &self,
                    )),
                }
            }
        }

        deserializer.deserialize_str(SmolStrVisitor)
    }

    impl serde::Serialize for SmolStr {
        fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error>
        where
            S: serde::Serializer,
        {
            self.as_str().serialize(serializer)
        }
    }

    impl<'de> serde::Deserialize<'de> for SmolStr {
        fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error>
        where
            D: serde::Deserializer<'de>,
        {
            smol_str(deserializer)
        }
    }
}