Struct bevy::utils::Instant

1.8.0 · source ·
pub struct Instant(/* private fields */);
Expand description

A measurement of a monotonically nondecreasing clock. Opaque and useful only with Duration.

Instants are always guaranteed, barring platform bugs, to be no less than any previously measured instant when created, and are often useful for tasks such as measuring benchmarks or timing how long an operation takes.

Note, however, that instants are not guaranteed to be steady. In other words, each tick of the underlying clock might not be the same length (e.g. some seconds may be longer than others). An instant may jump forwards or experience time dilation (slow down or speed up), but it will never go backwards. As part of this non-guarantee it is also not specified whether system suspends count as elapsed time or not. The behavior varies across platforms and rust versions.

Instants are opaque types that can only be compared to one another. There is no method to get “the number of seconds” from an instant. Instead, it only allows measuring the duration between two instants (or comparing two instants).

The size of an Instant struct may vary depending on the target operating system.

Example:

use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
use std::thread::sleep;

fn main() {
   let now = Instant::now();

   // we sleep for 2 seconds
   sleep(Duration::new(2, 0));
   // it prints '2'
   println!("{}", now.elapsed().as_secs());
}

OS-specific behaviors

An Instant is a wrapper around system-specific types and it may behave differently depending on the underlying operating system. For example, the following snippet is fine on Linux but panics on macOS:

use std::time::{Instant, Duration};

let now = Instant::now();
let max_seconds = u64::MAX / 1_000_000_000;
let duration = Duration::new(max_seconds, 0);
println!("{:?}", now + duration);

Underlying System calls

The following system calls are currently being used by now() to find out the current time:

Disclaimer: These system calls might change over time.

Note: mathematical operations like add may panic if the underlying structure cannot represent the new point in time.

Monotonicity

On all platforms Instant will try to use an OS API that guarantees monotonic behavior if available, which is the case for all tier 1 platforms. In practice such guarantees are – under rare circumstances – broken by hardware, virtualization or operating system bugs. To work around these bugs and platforms not offering monotonic clocks duration_since, elapsed and sub saturate to zero. In older Rust versions this lead to a panic instead. checked_duration_since can be used to detect and handle situations where monotonicity is violated, or Instants are subtracted in the wrong order.

This workaround obscures programming errors where earlier and later instants are accidentally swapped. For this reason future rust versions may reintroduce panics.

Implementations§

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impl Instant

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pub fn now() -> Instant

Returns an instant corresponding to “now”.

Examples
use std::time::Instant;

let now = Instant::now();
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pub fn duration_since(&self, earlier: Instant) -> Duration

Returns the amount of time elapsed from another instant to this one, or zero duration if that instant is later than this one.

Panics

Previous rust versions panicked when earlier was later than self. Currently this method saturates. Future versions may reintroduce the panic in some circumstances. See Monotonicity.

Examples
use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
use std::thread::sleep;

let now = Instant::now();
sleep(Duration::new(1, 0));
let new_now = Instant::now();
println!("{:?}", new_now.duration_since(now));
println!("{:?}", now.duration_since(new_now)); // 0ns
1.39.0 · source

pub fn checked_duration_since(&self, earlier: Instant) -> Option<Duration>

Returns the amount of time elapsed from another instant to this one, or None if that instant is later than this one.

Due to monotonicity bugs, even under correct logical ordering of the passed Instants, this method can return None.

Examples
use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
use std::thread::sleep;

let now = Instant::now();
sleep(Duration::new(1, 0));
let new_now = Instant::now();
println!("{:?}", new_now.checked_duration_since(now));
println!("{:?}", now.checked_duration_since(new_now)); // None
1.39.0 · source

pub fn saturating_duration_since(&self, earlier: Instant) -> Duration

Returns the amount of time elapsed from another instant to this one, or zero duration if that instant is later than this one.

Examples
use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
use std::thread::sleep;

let now = Instant::now();
sleep(Duration::new(1, 0));
let new_now = Instant::now();
println!("{:?}", new_now.saturating_duration_since(now));
println!("{:?}", now.saturating_duration_since(new_now)); // 0ns
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pub fn elapsed(&self) -> Duration

Returns the amount of time elapsed since this instant.

Panics

Previous rust versions panicked when the current time was earlier than self. Currently this method returns a Duration of zero in that case. Future versions may reintroduce the panic. See Monotonicity.

Examples
use std::thread::sleep;
use std::time::{Duration, Instant};

let instant = Instant::now();
let three_secs = Duration::from_secs(3);
sleep(three_secs);
assert!(instant.elapsed() >= three_secs);
1.34.0 · source

pub fn checked_add(&self, duration: Duration) -> Option<Instant>

Returns Some(t) where t is the time self + duration if t can be represented as Instant (which means it’s inside the bounds of the underlying data structure), None otherwise.

1.34.0 · source

pub fn checked_sub(&self, duration: Duration) -> Option<Instant>

Returns Some(t) where t is the time self - duration if t can be represented as Instant (which means it’s inside the bounds of the underlying data structure), None otherwise.

Trait Implementations§

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impl Add<Duration> for Instant

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fn add(self, other: Duration) -> Instant

Panics

This function may panic if the resulting point in time cannot be represented by the underlying data structure. See Instant::checked_add for a version without panic.

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type Output = Instant

The resulting type after applying the + operator.
1.9.0 · source§

impl AddAssign<Duration> for Instant

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fn add_assign(&mut self, other: Duration)

Performs the += operation. Read more
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impl Clone for Instant

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fn clone(&self) -> Instant

Returns a copy of the value. Read more
1.0.0 · source§

fn clone_from(&mut self, source: &Self)

Performs copy-assignment from source. Read more
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impl Debug for Instant

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fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

Formats the value using the given formatter. Read more
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impl From<Instant> for Uptime

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fn from(epoch: Instant) -> Uptime

Converts to this type from the input type.
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impl FromReflect for Instant
where Instant: Any + Send + Sync,

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fn from_reflect(reflect: &(dyn Reflect + 'static)) -> Option<Instant>

Constructs a concrete instance of Self from a reflected value.
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fn take_from_reflect( reflect: Box<dyn Reflect> ) -> Result<Self, Box<dyn Reflect>>

Attempts to downcast the given value to Self using, constructing the value using from_reflect if that fails. Read more
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impl GetTypeRegistration for Instant
where Instant: Any + Send + Sync,

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impl Hash for Instant

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fn hash<__H>(&self, state: &mut __H)
where __H: Hasher,

Feeds this value into the given Hasher. Read more
1.3.0 · source§

fn hash_slice<H>(data: &[Self], state: &mut H)
where H: Hasher, Self: Sized,

Feeds a slice of this type into the given Hasher. Read more
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impl Ord for Instant

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fn cmp(&self, other: &Instant) -> Ordering

This method returns an Ordering between self and other. Read more
1.21.0 · source§

fn max(self, other: Self) -> Self
where Self: Sized,

Compares and returns the maximum of two values. Read more
1.21.0 · source§

fn min(self, other: Self) -> Self
where Self: Sized,

Compares and returns the minimum of two values. Read more
1.50.0 · source§

fn clamp(self, min: Self, max: Self) -> Self
where Self: Sized + PartialOrd,

Restrict a value to a certain interval. Read more
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impl PartialEq for Instant

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fn eq(&self, other: &Instant) -> bool

This method tests for self and other values to be equal, and is used by ==.
1.0.0 · source§

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for !=. The default implementation is almost always sufficient, and should not be overridden without very good reason.
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impl PartialOrd for Instant

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fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Instant) -> Option<Ordering>

This method returns an ordering between self and other values if one exists. Read more
1.0.0 · source§

fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator. Read more
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fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <= operator. Read more
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fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator. Read more
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fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the >= operator. Read more
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impl Reflect for Instant
where Instant: Any + Send + Sync,

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fn get_represented_type_info(&self) -> Option<&'static TypeInfo>

Returns the TypeInfo of the type represented by this value. Read more
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fn into_any(self: Box<Instant>) -> Box<dyn Any>

Returns the value as a Box<dyn Any>.
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fn as_any(&self) -> &(dyn Any + 'static)

Returns the value as a &dyn Any.
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fn as_any_mut(&mut self) -> &mut (dyn Any + 'static)

Returns the value as a &mut dyn Any.
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fn into_reflect(self: Box<Instant>) -> Box<dyn Reflect>

Casts this type to a boxed reflected value.
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fn as_reflect(&self) -> &(dyn Reflect + 'static)

Casts this type to a reflected value.
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fn as_reflect_mut(&mut self) -> &mut (dyn Reflect + 'static)

Casts this type to a mutable reflected value.
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fn clone_value(&self) -> Box<dyn Reflect>

Clones the value as a Reflect trait object. Read more
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fn apply(&mut self, value: &(dyn Reflect + 'static))

Applies a reflected value to this value. Read more
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fn set(&mut self, value: Box<dyn Reflect>) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Reflect>>

Performs a type-checked assignment of a reflected value to this value. Read more
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fn reflect_kind(&self) -> ReflectKind

Returns a zero-sized enumeration of “kinds” of type. Read more
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fn reflect_ref(&self) -> ReflectRef<'_>

Returns an immutable enumeration of “kinds” of type. Read more
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fn reflect_mut(&mut self) -> ReflectMut<'_>

Returns a mutable enumeration of “kinds” of type. Read more
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fn reflect_owned(self: Box<Instant>) -> ReflectOwned

Returns an owned enumeration of “kinds” of type. Read more
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fn reflect_hash(&self) -> Option<u64>

Returns a hash of the value (which includes the type). Read more
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fn reflect_partial_eq(&self, value: &(dyn Reflect + 'static)) -> Option<bool>

Returns a “partial equality” comparison result. Read more
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fn debug(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

Debug formatter for the value. Read more
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fn serializable(&self) -> Option<Serializable<'_>>

Returns a serializable version of the value. Read more
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fn is_dynamic(&self) -> bool

Indicates whether or not this type is a dynamic type. Read more
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impl Sub<Duration> for Instant

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type Output = Instant

The resulting type after applying the - operator.
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fn sub(self, other: Duration) -> Instant

Performs the - operation. Read more
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impl Sub for Instant

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fn sub(self, other: Instant) -> Duration

Returns the amount of time elapsed from another instant to this one, or zero duration if that instant is later than this one.

Panics

Previous rust versions panicked when other was later than self. Currently this method saturates. Future versions may reintroduce the panic in some circumstances. See Monotonicity.

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type Output = Duration

The resulting type after applying the - operator.
1.9.0 · source§

impl SubAssign<Duration> for Instant

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fn sub_assign(&mut self, other: Duration)

Performs the -= operation. Read more
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impl TypePath for Instant
where Instant: Any + Send + Sync,

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fn type_path() -> &'static str

Returns the fully qualified path of the underlying type. Read more
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fn short_type_path() -> &'static str

Returns a short, pretty-print enabled path to the type. Read more
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fn type_ident() -> Option<&'static str>

Returns the name of the type, or None if it is anonymous. Read more
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fn crate_name() -> Option<&'static str>

Returns the name of the crate the type is in, or None if it is anonymous. Read more
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fn module_path() -> Option<&'static str>

Returns the path to the module the type is in, or None if it is anonymous. Read more
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impl Typed for Instant
where Instant: Any + Send + Sync,

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fn type_info() -> &'static TypeInfo

Returns the compile-time info for the underlying type.
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impl Copy for Instant

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impl Eq for Instant

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impl StructuralEq for Instant

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impl StructuralPartialEq for Instant

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impl<T> Any for T
where T: 'static + ?Sized,

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fn type_id(&self) -> TypeId

Gets the TypeId of self. Read more
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impl<T, U> AsBindGroupShaderType<U> for T
where U: ShaderType, &'a T: for<'a> Into<U>,

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fn as_bind_group_shader_type(&self, _images: &RenderAssets<Image>) -> U

Return the T ShaderType for self. When used in AsBindGroup derives, it is safe to assume that all images in self exist.
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impl<T> Borrow<T> for T
where T: ?Sized,

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fn borrow(&self) -> &T

Immutably borrows from an owned value. Read more
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impl<T> BorrowMut<T> for T
where T: ?Sized,

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fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T

Mutably borrows from an owned value. Read more
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impl<Q, K> Comparable<K> for Q
where Q: Ord + ?Sized, K: Borrow<Q> + ?Sized,

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fn compare(&self, key: &K) -> Ordering

Compare self to key and return their ordering.
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impl<T> Downcast<T> for T

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fn downcast(&self) -> &T

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impl<T> Downcast for T
where T: Any,

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fn into_any(self: Box<T>) -> Box<dyn Any>

Convert Box<dyn Trait> (where Trait: Downcast) to Box<dyn Any>. Box<dyn Any> can then be further downcast into Box<ConcreteType> where ConcreteType implements Trait.
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fn into_any_rc(self: Rc<T>) -> Rc<dyn Any>

Convert Rc<Trait> (where Trait: Downcast) to Rc<Any>. Rc<Any> can then be further downcast into Rc<ConcreteType> where ConcreteType implements Trait.
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fn as_any(&self) -> &(dyn Any + 'static)

Convert &Trait (where Trait: Downcast) to &Any. This is needed since Rust cannot generate &Any’s vtable from &Trait’s.
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fn as_any_mut(&mut self) -> &mut (dyn Any + 'static)

Convert &mut Trait (where Trait: Downcast) to &Any. This is needed since Rust cannot generate &mut Any’s vtable from &mut Trait’s.
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impl<T> DowncastSync for T
where T: Any + Send + Sync,

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fn into_any_arc(self: Arc<T>) -> Arc<dyn Any + Send + Sync>

Convert Arc<Trait> (where Trait: Downcast) to Arc<Any>. Arc<Any> can then be further downcast into Arc<ConcreteType> where ConcreteType implements Trait.
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impl<T> DynEq for T
where T: Any + Eq,

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fn as_any(&self) -> &(dyn Any + 'static)

Casts the type to dyn Any.
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fn dyn_eq(&self, other: &(dyn DynEq + 'static)) -> bool

This method tests for self and other values to be equal. Read more
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impl<T> DynHash for T
where T: DynEq + Hash,

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fn as_dyn_eq(&self) -> &(dyn DynEq + 'static)

Casts the type to dyn Any.
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fn dyn_hash(&self, state: &mut dyn Hasher)

Feeds this value into the given Hasher.
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impl<T> DynamicTypePath for T
where T: TypePath,

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impl<Q, K> Equivalent<K> for Q
where Q: Eq + ?Sized, K: Borrow<Q> + ?Sized,

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fn equivalent(&self, key: &K) -> bool

Checks if this value is equivalent to the given key. Read more
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impl<Q, K> Equivalent<K> for Q
where Q: Eq + ?Sized, K: Borrow<Q> + ?Sized,

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fn equivalent(&self, key: &K) -> bool

Compare self to key and return true if they are equal.
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fn from(t: T) -> T

Returns the argument unchanged.

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impl<S> FromSample<S> for S

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fn from_sample_(s: S) -> S

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fn reflect_path<'p>( &self, path: impl ReflectPath<'p> ) -> Result<&(dyn Reflect + 'static), ReflectPathError<'p>>

Returns a reference to the value specified by path. Read more
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fn reflect_path_mut<'p>( &mut self, path: impl ReflectPath<'p> ) -> Result<&mut (dyn Reflect + 'static), ReflectPathError<'p>>

Returns a mutable reference to the value specified by path. Read more
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fn path<'p, T>( &self, path: impl ReflectPath<'p> ) -> Result<&T, ReflectPathError<'p>>
where T: Reflect,

Returns a statically typed reference to the value specified by path. Read more
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fn path_mut<'p, T>( &mut self, path: impl ReflectPath<'p> ) -> Result<&mut T, ReflectPathError<'p>>
where T: Reflect,

Returns a statically typed mutable reference to the value specified by path. Read more
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impl<T> Instrument for T

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fn instrument(self, span: Span) -> Instrumented<Self>

Instruments this type with the provided Span, returning an Instrumented wrapper. Read more
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Calls U::from(self).

That is, this conversion is whatever the implementation of From<T> for U chooses to do.

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Performs the conversion.
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where S: Into<Dispatch>,

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